Lead Glazed Refined Earthenware

 

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AGATEWARE

• variegated paste created by mixing two or more different color clays, typically red and yellow
  
  
• vessel walls generally thin in cross section
  

ASTBURY

• thinly potted earthenware with a dense, dull-red body and a ginger colored lead glaze

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JACKFIELD-TYPE

• thin purplish to gray body covered with a lustrous black glaze

CREAMWARE

• thinly-potted, cream-colored body with a clear lead glaze
  
  
• glaze pools yellow in foot rings
  
  
• glazed surface appears yellow or cream colored when held against white paper

TORTOISESHELL

• thinly-potted, cream-colored body with sponged decoration in combinations of green, brown, purple and yellow
  

GREEN GLAZED

• thinly-potted, cream-colored body with green translucent lead glazed surface

PEARLWARE
note: see decoration as a way to date these vessels
Post-Colonial Ceramics

• thinly-potted white body with clear lead glaze
  
  
• glazed surface appears blueish when held against white paper
  
  
• glaze pools blue in foot rings
  
  
• note: some mid-19th century refined white earthenware and white granite sherds will also have a blue cast to the glaze and blue pooling in foot rings
  
  
• variety of decorations used - edged, painted, printed, dipped

WHITEWARE
note: see decoration as a way to date these vessels
Post-Colonial Ceramics

• thinly-potted white body with clear lead glaze
  
  
• glazed surface appears white when held against white paper
  
  
• variety of decorations used – painted, dipped, printed, edged, sponged, decal
  
  

WHITE GRANITE
note: see decoration as a way to date these vessels
Post-Colonial Ceramics

• paste of some wares have a light gray/blue tint; others more white
  
  
• molded motifs usually only form of decoration
  
  
• glazed surface often has blue or grayish hue
  
  
• crazing of glaze common
  
  
• thicker vessel walls compared with earlier refined earthenware

MANGANESE MOTTLED

• buff-bodied,  covered by a yellowish glaze mottled with dark streaks/speckles
  
  

NORTH MIDLANDS-TYPE

• buff-bodied, coated with white and dark slips, with trailed, combed, or marbled designs; the white slip, which usually forms the background for the dark slip decoration, appears yellow through the clear lead glaze
  
  

YELLOW WARE

• very pale buff to dark golden
  
  
• decorations can include banding in blue, white, brown and pink slips or fernlike
  mocha motifs
  
  
• usually in hollow forms only

ROCKINGHAM

• a buff to yellow paste and a brown mottled and streaked glaze, often characterized by patches of the vessel’s body showing through
  
  
• molded decorations common

Lead Glazed Coarse Earthenware

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BORDER WARE

• light reddish paste, sometimes streaked with white/gray clay
  
  
• generally glazed only on the interior surfaces
  
  

BLACK GLAZED RED EARTHENWARE

• red paste
  
  
• black lead glaze

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NORTH DEVON

• pink or reddish to orange colored paste with a gray core
  
  
• coarse, angular gravel sometimes included in paste
  
  
• thin lead glaze ranging in color from yellow to green to light brown
  
  
• often only glazed on interior of vessel
  
  

NORTH DEVON SGRAFFITO

• reddish pink to orange paste that can have a gray core
  
  
• incised slip decoration of brown motifs on yellow background

BORDER WARE

• fine-grained paste in a range of colors: pale gray, yellow to pinkish buff or very pale brown
  
  
• glaze colors include yellow, apple green, olive green and brown
  
  
• generally glazed only on the interior surfaces

NORTH DEVON

• pink or reddish to orange colored paste with a gray core
  

NORTH DEVON SGRAFFITO

• hard brick-red to purplish paste that combines red and yellowish clays
  

BUCKLEY

• vessel walls usually thick, often with ribbed exteriors
  
  
• generally glazed with a thick black lead glaze

Salt Glaze Stoneware

 

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• light to dark gray paste
  
  
• vessel interior surface is often a different color than its exterior
  
  
• decorations include blue and purple painting, sprig molding, incising, cordoning

• often gray paste, but also buff, whitish, black, salmon or reddish brown
  
  
• decorations include blue painting and stamping

• brown to gray pastes that are coarser in texture than Rhenish blue and gray
  
  
• vessel interior surface is often a different color than its exterior
  
  
• brown slip added to the surface before firing

• grainy paste that is gray in color
  
  
• dark flecks of hematite characteristic in paste
  
  
• brown slip added to the surface before firing

• off-white or very light gray paste
  
  
• no painting on vessel surface
  
  
• decorations include sprig molding, cordoning and incising

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• homogenous, fine-textured non-porous paste that ranges in color from pale gray to tan to white
  
  
• as typical of refined stoneware, the vessels are generally thin in cross-section
  
  
• decorations include incising, sprig molding, painting, rouletting or printing
  

• homogenous paste with no visible inclusions that ranges in color from light to dark gray; buff to deep orange occasionally present
  
  
• as typical of refined stoneware, the vessels are generally thin in cross-section
  
  
• metallic glaze, sometimes underlain by white slip

Hard Paste Porcelain

 

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JAPANESE PORCELAIN

EUROPEAN PORCELAIN

• gray-blueish surface cast on blue painted pieces; more white on overglaze decorated pieces
  
  
• glaze absent on foot rings
  
  
• blue underglaze painting – never printed

• overglaze painting in reds, greens, black (less often yellows, pinks)

• white vessel surface color
  
  
• highly translucent

• decoration includes overglaze printing in blue, red and black; painting to highlight printed designs; use of stenciled designs

• white vessel surface color
  
  
• highly translucent
  
  
• glaze absent on foot rings

• printed and painted decorations, as well as multi-color decals