Brewerton Eared Triangle
Defining Attributes
The Brewerton Eared Triangle is a small-to-medium, thin, triangular point, with small ears at the ends of the base.
Chronology
The Brewerton Eared Triangle point is part of the Brewerton Complex, which began during the late Middle Archaic period and continued into the Late Archaic. There are few radiocarbon dates for the Brewerton Eared Triangle, but one is 4795 ± 230 BP (approximately 3650 BC in calendar years) at the Camelot No. 2 site in New York (Funk 1993). Most authorities feel the four point types of the Brewerton Complex were contemporary, although Ritchie (1971) suggests the Side Notched was the oldest. Custer (1996) places the start of the Brewerton Complex around 4300 BC (calendar) and continuing to perhaps 1600 BC. Justice (1987) suggests a range of 4930 to 3673 BP (approximately 3700-2050 BC calendar), while Funk (1993) suggests 5150 to 4450 BP (approximately 3950-3100 BC calendar) for the Brewerton Complex in the Upper Susquehanna Valley.
Description
Blade
The blade is triangular or ovoid in shape, and biconvex in cross section. Edges are generally excurvate, but occasionally straight.
Haft Element
The base of this stemless point is usually slightly concave, but is sometimes straight. It can be ground. Small, delicate ears are present on either side of the broad base.
Size
Length ranges from 22 to 66 mm, with most between 27 and 38 mm. Width ranges from 16 to 26 mm, with an average of 20 mm. Thickness ranges from 4 to 6 mm, with an average of 5 mm.
Technique of Manufacture
Carefully made by pressure flaking.
Material
In a sample of 14 Brewerton Eared Triangle points from the lower Patuxent drainage, Steponaitis (1980) reported that 70% were quartz, followed by rhyolite (23%) and quartzite (7%). In the area surrounding Zekiah Swamp on the lower Potomac, Wanser (1982) found that 69% of 13 Brewerton Eared Triangle points were quartz, with 15% rhyolite, 8% quartzite, and 8% chert.
Discussion
In a sample of 14 Brewerton Eared Triangle points from the lower Patuxent drainage, Steponaitis (1980) reported that 70% were quartz, followed by rhyolite (23%) and quartzite (7%). In the area surrounding Zekiah Swamp on the lower Potomac, Wanser (1982) found that 69% of 13 Brewerton Eared Triangle points were quartz, with 15% rhyolite, 8% quartzite, and 8% chert.
Brewerton Eared Triangle points are found throughout the Northeast from southern New England to northern Virginia, and west along the entire Ohio Valley (Justice 1987). They are a minority type in the Brewerton Complex (Ritchie 1971).
Ritchie (1971) notes that these points intergrade with the Brewerton Eared Notched point, and may have developed from that type. Justice (1987) considers the Brewerton Eared Triangle to be a variant of the Brewerton Eared Notched, with the Eared Triangle generally wider and thinner than Eared Notched points of the same length, which may be a reflection of the amount of re-sharpening on examples of the two types.
Defined in Literature
Ritchie first described this type in 1940, and published a formal definition in 1961 (revised 1971).
References
1996 Prehistoric Cultures of Eastern Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Harrisburg.
1993 Archaeological Investigations in the Upper Susquehanna Valley, New York State: Volume 1. Persimmon Press, Buffalo.
1987 Stone Age Spear and Arrow Points of the Midcontinental and Eastern United States: A Modern Survey and Reference. Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
1971 A Typology and Nomenclature for New York Projectile Points. New York State Museum and Science Service Bulletin 384. Albany.
1980 A Survey of Artifact Collections from the Patuxent River Drainage, Maryland. Maryland Historical Trust Monograph Series 1. Maryland Historical Trust and Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Annapolis, MD.
1982 A Survey of Artifact Collections from Central Southern Maryland. Maryland Historical Trust Manuscript Series 23. Maryland Historical Trust and Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Annapolis.