Coulbourn
Defining Attributes
Coulbourn is a late Early to early Middle Woodland ware, characterized by a temper of clay nodules or fragments, and cord-marked or net-impressed exterior surface treatments. Defined types include Coulbourn Cord-Marked and Coulbourn Net-Impressed.
Chronology
Stratigraphic sequences and radiometric dating indicate that Coulbourn dates from ca. 500 B.C. – A.D. 1.
Distribution
Coulbourn is found primarily along the Delaware Bay and Atlantic Coast drainages, as well as on the southern Delmarva Peninsula, in Kent and Sussex counties. It has also been found in the Upper Eastern Shore region of Maryland.
Figure 1. Example of Coulborn pottery.
Figure 2. Distribution map.
Figure 3. Paste close-up.
Description
Paste/Temper
The temper consists of inclusions of fired clay or crushed ceramic sherds.
Surface Treatment
Exterior surfaces are cord-marked or net-impressed. Griffith and Artusy (1977:15) noted that the orientation of cord-marking on sherds recovered from the Wolfe Neck site is most commonly perpendicular to oblique, but also includes horizontal marks or a combination of the three styles. A combination of horizontal and perpendicular marks is the norm on Coulbourn Net-Impressed sherds. Interior surfaces range from scraped-over cord or net impressed, totally scraped, smoothed-over scraped, to completely smooth. The most commonly encountered treatment is scraped.
Decoration
None
Morphology
Coulbourn is coil-constructed with paddle malleation. Vessels have a conoidal shape, with direct rims. Lips are flattened, rounded, and mostly smooth, but some have been found with net or cord impressions. Vessel wall thickness ranges from 7 mm – 14 mm, with a mean of 10 mm. Vessel walls are thick and uneven.
Defined in the Literature. Coulbourn is an Adena Complex ceramic. Custer (1984) and Griffith and Artusy (1977) have noted similarities to Wolfe Neck and Popes Creek ceramics.
Type Site
Wolfe Neck site (7S-D-10)
Maryland Sites with Coulbourn Components
- Nassawango (18WO23)*
* collections at the MAC Lab
Radiocarbon Dates
| Radiocarbon Dates | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date | Sample No. | Site | Association | Reference |
| 2240 ± 60; B.C. 290 | UGa-1763 | Wilgus, DE (7S-K-21) | Coulbourn/Wolfe Neck | Artusy 1976 |
| 325 ± 60; B.C. 375 | UGa-1224 | Wolfe Neck, DE (7S-D-10) | Coulbourn | Griffith and Artusy 1977:15 |
References
1976 An Overview of the proposed ceramic sequence for southern Delaware. Maryland Archeology 12 (2): 1-15.
1983 Woodland Ceramic Sequences of the Upper Delmarva Peninsula and Southeastern Pennsylvania. Maryland Archeology 19(2): 21–30.
1984 Delaware Prehistoric Archaeology: An Ecological Approach. University of Delaware Press, Newark.
1982 Prehistoric Ceramics in Delaware (An Overview). Archaeology of Eastern North America 10: 46-68.
1977 Middle Woodland Ceramics from Wolfe Neck, Sussex County, Delaware. The Archeolog 28 (1): 1-28.